13 December 2001 is remembered as a turning point in Bharat’s democratic history, when democracy was not merely challenged but violently attacked by Jaish-e-Mohammed, targeting not just lives, but the very sovereignty, constitutional stability and civic trust on which the nation stands.
Pummy M Pandita
Attack on the Indian Parliament on 13 December 2001 was not a single act of terrorism; rather, a protracted cross-border terrorism against Bharat’s civilian security and democratic institutions. Using Pakistan’s lenient laws and safe haven, Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM), along with other terrorist groups and their changing fronts, have carried out numerous attacks, infiltrations and ambushes over more than two decades. This brief describes the origins, development, operational continuity and strategic policy implications of these networks.
(Author is head of operations at Centre for Integrated and Holistic Studies, a non-partisan think tank based in New Delhi)
CIHS - Centre for Integrated and Holistic Studies 